The multi-stage process of ensuring that the competences required for a given qualification have been attained, regardless of the learning process. Validation leads to certification.

The definition is consistent with the definition included in the Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on the establishment of a European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training

(ECVET) and Recommendation of the Council of 20 December 2012 on validation of non-formal and informal learning.

Validation should not be confused with recognition of a qualification. With reference to EQF and PQF learning outcomes are validated, a qualification awarded abroad may be recognised.

Validation includes not only assessment of competences (attained learning outcomes) but also checking their compatibility with the requirements for a given qualification.

In case of competences acquired outside the organised system of education a process of validation also includes an introductory stage consisting in identification of the already acquired competences.